Top 100+ Nfs Server Interview Questions And Answers

Question 1. How You Will Export Directory (/statistics) To Host 192.168.1.Fifty one, Allowing Asynchronous Writes Without Adding The Entry In /and many others/exports File?

Answer :

# exportfs -o async 192.168.1.51:/facts

Question 2. What Is The Role Of “root_squash” Option?

Answer :

All requests from the user root are translated or mapped as if they came from the consumer anonymous (default).

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Question 3. Is Rpc.Mountd Daemon Supports Tcp_wrappers?

Answer :

Yes, The rpc.Mountd daemon is protected via the tcp_wrappers. You need to deliver the customers get right of entry to to rpc.Mountd if they need to be allowed to use NFS Server.

Question four. Explain “nfsstat” Command?

Answer :

The nfsstat command displays the statistics about NFS patron and NFS server pastime.

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Question five. What Is Nfs? What Is Its Purpose?

Answer :

NFS is Network File system. It is a document device used for sharing of files over a network. Other assets like printers and garage gadgets can also be shared. This manner that the use of NFS documents can be accessed remotely. Nfs command in linux can be used to gain this.

Purpose of NFS:

NFS may be used for sharing of documents remotely.
Data may be saved on a single system and nevertheless continue to be accessible to others over the network.
Reduction of the variety of detachable media drives throughout the community considering the fact that they can be shared.
IBM AIX Interview Questions
Question 6. What Is Autofs And Its Advantages?

Answer :

Autofs , is auto mounting filesystem on demand like while ever you want it.
NFS is like mounting a entire partition remotely and you may have availability of entire content of the partition.
But there are few advantages with autofs over nfs.
Advantages of AutoFS :

Shares are accessed mechanically and transparently when a user attempts to get entry to any documents or directories under the designated mount factor of the faraway filesystem to be mounted.
Booting time is drastically decreased because no mounting is done at boot time.
Network get right of entry to and efficiency are progressed with the aid of decreasing the number of completely active mount points.
Failed mount requests may be decreased by designating trade servers as the supply of a filesystem.
Question 7. What Is The Default Permission Applied On The User When You Mount A Nfs Permission On Any Local Directory In Your System?

Answer :

No consumer permission that's a gadget account in all the machines having everyday person stage privileges until no_root_squash or any other permission specification isn't furnished on the share

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Question eight. What Is The Difference Between Nfs Share And A Samba Share?

Answer :

NFS sharing is performed between linux to Linux in which Samba sharing can be carried out among Linux?Linux and Linux?home windows

Question nine. What Is Hard And Soft Mount In Nfs ?

Answer :

In HARD mount :

If the NFS report machine is hard set up, the NFS daemons will strive repeatedly to contact the server. The NFS daemon retries will now not time out, will affect machine performance, and you can not interrupt them
If you simply mount a document gadget with out specifying hard or soft, the default is a hard mount. Hard mounts are most popular because of the stateless nature of NFS.
If a customer sends an I/O request to the server (along with an ls -la), and the server gets rebooted, in customer device the method will maintain on jogging. This preserves information transfers inside the occasion of a server failure.
IN SOFT Mount :

A tender mount permits the customer to stop trying an operation after a time frame. If the NFS server goes down on the time of facts switch , it's going to alert and the process will do down. This may also cause the data corruption.
A tender link will go back with an blunders and fail. You have to only use soft mounts inside the instances in which patron responsiveness is greater important than information integrity. In any other word soft mount will allow automated unmount if the filesystem is idle for a certain time period.
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Question 10. Explain Nfs Mount Options ?

Answer :

Syntax to mount NFS FS:

#mount  -t vfstype [-o options] NFS Servername:/exporteddirectory /mount point
or
#mount -t nfs -o options host:/faraway/export /neighborhood/directory

Mount options explained below :

-0 initr : This alternative is utilized in non reliable network, or community having greater network congestion. NFS request can be interrupted whilst server isn't reachable.
-o tough : If hard choice is unique during nfs mount, person cannot terminate the process looking ahead to NFS verbal exchange to renew. For ex ..If u ran ls a command on ur NFS hooked up directory however that point ur NFS server went down approach . The process wont get killed or stopped ..It will wait till the NFS server and mount point end up to be had.
-o soft : If gentle alternative is precise at some stage in nfs mount, user gets error alert when NFS server isn't always accessible. This is just inverse of hard mount alternative. It wont wait for respond if the NFS server went down , it's going to alert us and the method will go down.
-o Nfsvers=value : If this selection is precise during nfs mount NFS consumer uses unique NFS protocol model to talk.
For instance TCP
# mount- t nfs -o tcp 192.168.1.Four:/mnt/array1/RHEL5  /statistics grep -i tcp

192.168.1.Four:/mnt/array1/RHEL5 on /information type nfs (rw,tcp,addr=192.168.1.Four)

Question 11. Can I Modify Export Permissions Without Needing To Remount Clients In Order To Have Them Take Effect?

Answer :

Yes. The safest issue to do is edit /and so on/exports and run “exportfs -r”.

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Question 12. I Am Unable To Mount A Nfs Share. How Will You Trace Out The Reason?

Answer :

Firstly, check which you have permissions to mount nfs share or not. Check /and many others/exports record.

Secondly you can get RPC blunders: Program Not Registered (or every other “RPC” error)

For this check your NFS server and portmap carrier going for walks or no longer by means of “rpcinfo -p”

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Question thirteen. How You Will Check “portmap” Service Is Running Or Not?

Answer :

rpcinfo -p

Question 14. What Do You Understand By “nfsstat –nfs –server -3” Command?

Answer :

It will display facts for NFS model three server.

Question 15. What Do You Understand By “nfsstat -o All -234” Command?

Answer :

It will Show all information about all variations of NFS.
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Question 16. Explain Command “/usr/sbin/exportfs -f”?

Answer :

It will flush the whole thing out of the kernels export table. Any customers which might be lively gets new entries brought by means of mountd when they make their subsequent request.

Question 17. What Is The Role Of “all_squash” Option?

Answer :

 Treat all purchaser users as anonymous customers. Map all person and institution IDs to the anonymous consumer and group ID.

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Question 18. Which Option Is Used With Exportfs Command To Re-export All Directories?

Answer :

exportfs -r

IBM AIX Interview Questions
Question 19. Why To Use Nfs ?

Answer :

A Network File System (NFS) allows far off device to mount file systems over a community and have interaction with the ones record structures as although they may be established locally. This enables system directors to consolidate sources onto centralized servers over the community.

Question 20. What Is The Default Port Of Nfs Server ?

Answer :

By default NFS uses 2049 TCP port.

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Question 21. What Are Different Versions Of Nfs Server ?

Answer :

Currently, there are 3 variations of NFS. NFS model 2 (NFSv2) is older and extensively supported. NFS model three (NFSv3) supports secure asynchronous writes and is more strong at errors coping with than NFSv2? it additionally helps 64bit report sizes and offsets, permitting clients to access more than 2Gb of record statistics.

NFS model four (NFSv4) works via firewalls and at the Internet, no longer calls for an rpcbind carrier, helps ACLs, and utilizes stateful operations. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.X & Centos 6.X supports NFSv2, NFSv3, and NFSv4 customers. When mounting a file machine thru NFS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux uses NFSv4 by means of default, if the server helps it.

Question 22. What Are Configuration Files Of Nfs Server ?

Answer :

‘/and so on/exports’ is the primary configuration report that controls which file systems are exported to far flung hosts and specifies alternatives.

‘/etc/sysconfig/nfs‘ is the file thru which we will restoration ports for RQUOTAD_PORT, MOUNTD_PORT, LOCKD_TCPPORT, LOCKD_UDPPORT and STATD_PORT

Question 23. What Are Different Options Used In /etc/exports File ?

Answer :

Below are list of alternatives used in /and many others/exports record :

ro: The listing is shared read best? the patron gadget will now not be able to write to it. This is the default.
Rw: The patron system may have study and write get admission to to the directory.
Root_squash: By default, any report request made through user root on the client device is dealt with as if it's miles made by means of user no one on the server. (Exactly which UID the request is mapped to relies upon at the UID of consumer “no person” on the server, not the customer.)
no_root_squash : if this option is used , then root at the customer device can have the equal degree of get admission to to the files at the machine as root on the server. This may have severe security implications, although it is able to be essential in case you need to carry out any administrative work at the client system that entails the exported directories. You ought to no longer specify this option without an amazing purpose.
No_subtree_check : If simplest part of a quantity is exported, a habitual called subtree checking verifies that a record this is asked from the client is in the perfect part of the extent. If the entire volume is exported, disabling this take a look at will accelerate transfers.
Sync : Replies to the NFS request best in spite of everything statistics has been written to disk. This is a lot more secure than async, and is the default in all nfsutils variations after 1.Zero.0.
Async : Replies to requests before the facts is written to disk. This improves overall performance, but effects in lost information if the server is going down.
No_wdelay : NFS has an optimization set of rules that delays disk writes if NFS deduces a likelihood of a related write request soon arriving. This saves disk writes and can speed overall performance
wdelay : Negation of no_wdelay , that is default
nohide : Normally, if a server exports two filesystems considered one of that is mounted on the opposite, then the consumer will must mount both filesystems explicitly to get get right of entry to to them. If it just mounts the determine, it'll see an empty directory on the area in which the alternative filesystem is established. That filesystem is “hidden”. Setting the nohide option on a filesystem causes it no longer to be hidden, and an correctly authorized consumer can be capable of move from the discern to that filesystem without noticing the trade.
Cover : Negation of nohide This is the default
Advanced Linux Interview Questions
Question 24. How To List Available Nfs Share On Local Machine & Remote Machine ?

Answer :

‘showmount -e localhost’ : Shows the to be had shares in your local machine
‘showmount -e <Remoteserverip or hostname>‘: Lists the to be had shares at the remote server
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Question 25. What Is Pnfs ?

Answer :

Parallel NFS (pNFS) as a part of the NFS v4.1 widespread is to be had as of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4. The pNFS architecture improves the scalability of NFS, with possible improvements to performance. That is, while a server implements pNFS as nicely, a consumer is capable of get right of entry to data via a couple of servers simultaneously. It supports 3 garage protocols or layouts: files, gadgets, and blocks.

Question 26. What Is The Difference Between Hard Mount & Soft Mount In Nfs ?

Answer :

Difference among soft mount and tough mount is indexed beneath :

Soft Mount : Consider we have established a NFS proportion the usage of ‘soft mount’ .When a program or software requests a document from the NFS filesystem, NFS consumer daemons will try to retrieve the facts from the NFS server. But, if it doesn’t get any response from the NFS server (because of any crash or failure of NFS server), the NFS purchaser will file an errors to the process at the customer device inquiring for the record get admission to. The benefit of this mechanism is “rapid responsiveness” because it doesn’t look ahead to the NFS server to respond. But, the principle disadvantage of this approach is records corruption or loss of statistics. So, this is not a recommended choice to use.

Hard Mount : Suppose we've got established the NFS percentage using hard mount, it's going to again and again retry to contact the server. Once the server is returned online this system will retain to execute undisturbed from the kingdom where it was throughout server crash. We can use the mount alternative “intr” which permits NFS requests to be interrupted if the server goes down or cannot be reached. Hence the encouraged settings are tough and intr options.

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Question 27. How To Check Iostat Of Nfs Mount Points ?

Answer :

Using command ‘nfsiostat‘ we can list iostat of nfs mount points. Use the beneath command :

# nfsiostat <interval> <count> <mount_point>

<interval> : specifies the amount of time in seconds among every record. The first document contains data for the time because every record machine was installed. Each subsequent record carries information amassed at some stage in the c program languageperiod because the previous report.
<count> : If the <count> parameter is specific, the cost of <count> determines the wide variety of news generated at seconds apart. If the interval parameter is designated with out the <count> parameter, the command generates reviews constantly.
<mount_point> : If one or extra <mount point> names are distinctive, statistics for handiest those mount points could be displayed. Otherwise, all NFS mount points on the patron are listed.
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Question 28. How To Check Nfs Server Version ?

Answer :

‘nfsstat -o all’ command suggests all facts about active variations of NFS.

Question 29. What Is Portmap?

Answer :

The portmapper keeps a listing of what offerings are strolling on what ports.

This list is used by a connecting system to look what ports it needs to talk to get right of entry to sure services.

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Question 30. How To Re Export All The Directories Of ‘/and many others/exports’ File ?

Answer :

Using the command ‘ exportfs -r’ , we will reexport or refresh entries of  ‘/etc/exports’ report with out restarting nfs carrier

Question 31. How To Mount The Nfs Shared File System In Client?

Answer :

To Mount NFS percentage at the Client use below command :

# mount -t nfs IP_of_NFS_Server:/NFS_Share_Name   /mount_point

E.G. 
# mount -t nfs nfs.Linuxtechi.Com:/nfs_data    /mnt/information

Question 32. What Are The Services Required On Nfs Client And Nfs Servers ?

Answer :

nfs*, rpcbind*, xinetd*

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Question 33. Explain This Entry /shared 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.Zero(sync,rw)?

Answer :

Allows all systems with 192.168.1.* IP addresses study-write get admission to to the /shared/ listing:

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Question 34. 192.168.1.Fifty one:/facts Is Exported By Nfs Server And I Want To Add This Nfs Share To Client /etc/fstab File. How You Will Add This Entry In /and so on/fstab File?

Answer :

# tool mount-point fs-type alternatives sell off fsckorder
192.168.1.51:/facts /mnt nfs rw 0 0

Question 35. What Will Happened If A Space Is Given In Between Allowed_hosts And (alternatives)

Answer :

If a area is covered, the options are implemented to any and all IP addresses, which may be quite dangerous if write permission is granted.

Question 36. What Is “portmap”?

Answer :

The portmapper maintains a listing of what services are strolling on what ports. This listing is used by a connecting machine to peer what ports it wants to talk to access positive offerings.

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Question 37. What Is The Role Of “sync” Option For Nfs Server?

Answer :

If sync is specified, the server waits till the request is written to disk earlier than responding to the client. The sync option is suggested as it follows the NFS protocol.

Question 38. What Do You Understand By “nfsstat –nfs –server -three″ Command?

Answer :

It will show information for NFS model three server.

Question 39. Can Nfs Share Mounted On Window Xp And Justify Your Answer?

Answer :

No, Window XP working system doesn’t support nfs protocol.

Question 40. How To Retrieve A List Of Clients Connected To The Nfs Server ?

Answer :

To retrieve a listing of clients linked to the NFS server, use the showmount command from a shell activate. To also show the directories the clients are linked to, use the showmount -a command.

Linux File Systems Interview Questions
Question 41. Which Kernel Module Is Used By “rpc.Nfsd”?

Answer :

nfsd.O kernel module

Question forty two. Explain The Working Of Nfs Mount Daemon “rpc.Mountd”?

Answer :

The rpc.Mountd software implements the NFS mount protocol. When receiving a MOUNT request from an NFS customer, it exams the request in opposition to the list of presently exported report structures. If the client is permitted to mount the record machine, rpc.Mountd obtains a record handle for asked directory and returns it to the client.

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Question forty three. Name Of Configuration File For Nfs Server ?

Answer :

/and so on/exports

Question 44. Explain Option “all_squash”?

Answer :

The UID and GID of exported documents are mapped to the person nameless. It is ideal for public directories.

Question 45. Explain “exportfs” Command?

Answer :

The exportfs command is used to keep the contemporary table of exported record systems for NFS.

Question 46. What Is Meaning Of “no_root_squash” Option ?

Answer :

Treat faraway root consumer as local root. Do now not map requests from root to the nameless person and group ID.

Question 47. Explain “gentle Mounting” Option At Nfs Client?

Answer :

If a report request fails, the NFS client will report an errors to the process on the patron gadget inquiring for the file get entry to. If it can't be happy (for example, the server is down), then it quits. This is known as gentle mounting.

Question forty eight. Explain “difficult Mounting” Option At Nfs Client?

Answer :

If a record request fails, the NFS purchaser will file an blunders to the manner on the customer device inquiring for the record access. If it cannot be happy, then it will no longer stop until the request is satisfied. This is referred to as Hard mounting.

Question forty nine. What Is Nfs ?

Answer :

NFS stands for Network File System. NFS was firstly advanced with the aid of Sun Microsystems inside the 1980’s. NFS lets in far off hosts to mount file structures over a network and engage with those record structures as though they are set up regionally. This enables machine directors to consolidate assets onto centralized servers at the network.

Question 50. Which Nfs Versions Are Available?

Answer :

NFS Version 2
NFS Version three
NFS Version four
Question 51. What Is The Role Of “rmtab” File For Nfs Server?

Answer :

For each mount request acquired from an NFS client, rpc.Mountd provides an entry to the /var/lib/nfs/rmtab file.

When receiving an unmount request, that access is eliminated.

 

Question fifty two. What Is Different Between Nfs Version 2 & 3 ?

Answer :

nfs 2 default 8kb switch price,it did not take a look at the authentication on the time connection.Consumer desires to get right of entry to unauthorized record it suggests blunders messages like “write mistakes”,”read error” nfs 3 32kb transfer charge. It test at the time connection- ACL Support

Question 53. Can We Grant Access By Username And Password For Nfs Share?

Answer :

No, access is granted best for IP deal with.

Question fifty four. Which Option Is Used With Exportfs Command To Display The Current Export List, Also Displays The List Of Export Options?

Answer :

exportfs -v